Emphasis is placed upon photosynthesis and respiration, and physiological processes including nutrition, gas exchange, transportation and regulation of body fluids. It is an investigation of the structure and function of both plants and animals and intended as an introductory overview. Three lecture/discussion periods are held weekly.

Offered fall semester. Concurrent registration in B111 is required.

These laboratory studies complement the concepts presented in B110. Investigations including physiological and molecular relationships and interactions are the basis for the course. The lab meets for one three-hour session each week.

Offered fall semester. Concurrent registration in B110 is required.

Emphasis is placed on plant and animal phyla, organs and organ systems of both plants and animals. Three lecture/discussion periods are held weekly.

Offered spring semester. Concurrent registration in B121 is required.

Laboratory studies complementing B120 include plant and animal hormones and reproduction, bacterial techniques, and phylogenetic investigations. The lab meets for one three-hour session each week. Offered spring semester.

Concurrent registration in B120 is required.

A study of the theoretical and practical ecological concepts pertaining to species, populations, communities and ecosystems; stress is placed on the concepts of energy flow, nutrient cycles, limiting factors, population dynamics and succession. Laboratories include both theoretical and practical applications of concepts as well as some plant and animal identifications. Three class meetings and one three-hour laboratory/field trip each week.

Offered fall semester. Prerequisites: B110/111 and B120/121.

This course explores the design and structure of the human body. Lectures present cellular and histological features of the body systems. Laboratory dissections explore gross anatomic features and the three dimensional relationships of structures particularly relevant to the health sciences. Body structures forming superficial features, those visualized by diagnostic imaging techniques and those relevant to kinesiology are empathized. The class meets for two lectures sessions and two two-hour labs weekly.

Offered fall semester. Prerequisites: B110/111 and B120/121.

The principles underlying hereditary variation in living organisms are the focus of this course. These topics are centered about the transmission of hereditary traits, cytogenetics, basic gene concepts, introductory molecular biology, population genetics, and the genetic basis of evolution. Three class meetings and one three-hour laboratory period each week with several laboratory periods replaced with a one-hour lecture/discussion.

Offered spring semester. Prerequisites: B110/111 and B120/121.

This course is a study of the cell at the ultrastructural, biochemical, and physiological levels. Special consideration is given to respiration, photosynthesis, secretion, cytoskeleton, cell cycle, cell growth, movement, membranes, and other organelles. Two lectures and one three-hour lab weekly with two laboratory periods replaced with a one-hour lecture/discussion.

Offered fall semester. Prerequisites: B110/111, B120/121, and C321 (C321 may be concurrent).

This course explores the functions of the body systems of humans. The interrelationships of organ-systems processes to maintain homeostasis are emphasized. Laboratory sessions provide experiences with procedures and instrumentation to gather data that highlight the function of the body systems. Course topics are particularly relevant to the health sciences. The class meets for three lectures and one three-hour lab weekly.

Offered spring semester. Prerequisites: B110/111 and B120/121. Recommended: C142/144.

This course deals with the morphology, physiology and biochemistry of a variety of microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, fungi and algae. Emphasis is placed on the control of microbial growth, the characteristics of these organisms and their relationship to disease. Class meets for two lectures and one three-hour lab weekly.

Offered fall semester. Prerequisites: B110/111, B120/121, and C321.

The purpose of this course is to design a research project. The necessary reconnaissance, review of the literature, and other preparations are included. Some emphasis is also given to thesis writing and presentations.

The course consists of an independent investigation of a field or laboratory problem of the student’s choice in a specific area of biology. A written report of the research project in the form of a thesis is required; an oral presentation may be required, at the discretion of the research advisor. This course is a graduation requirement for biology majors.

Prerequisites: B392 and B492.

This course covers the fundamental principles upon which the study of chemistry is based. Stoichiometry, atomic structure, molecular structure, chemical bonding, behavior of gases, kinetic molecular theory, properties of solutions, chemical reactivity and thermochemistry are included. Three hours of lecture per week.

Offered fall semester. Prerequisite: M149, or grade of C or better in M148 with concurrent enrollment in M149, or M151 placement; concurrent with C133.

This laboratory is an inquiry-based approach to understanding the process of doing chemistry. Each week, as a team member with a specific role working for a consulting company, the student receives a letter from a "chemical client" requesting the solution to a chemical problem. It is the responsibility of the team to design a solution, collect data, and report the results to the client in report form.

Offered fall semester. Prerequisite: concurrent with C131.

This course includes the study of the chemistry of redox reactions, chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium theory, electrochemistry, chemical dynamics, organic chemistry, phase behavior and solution chemistry. Three hours of lecture per week.

Offered spring semester. Prerequisite: minimum grade of C in C131/133 and concurrent with C144.

This laboratory is an inquiry-based approach to understanding the process of doing chemistry. Each week, as a team member with a specific role working for a consulting company, the student receives a letter from a "chemical client" requesting the solution to a chemical problem. It is the responsibility of the team to design a solution, collect data, and report the results to the client in report form.

Offered spring semester. Prerequisite: minimum grade of C in C131/133 and concurrent with C142.

This course provides an introduction to the differential and integral calculus. Topics include: the concepts of function, limit, continuity, derivative, definite and indefinite integrals, and an introduction to transcendental functions.

Credit cannot be granted for this course and M308 or M309.Prerequisites: M115 and M116, or departmental placement.

This course examines physical, geological, and astronomical processes involved in shaping the Earth and other planets. The geological processes acting on the Earth and the natural history of the Earth are studied first, and then used to examine the other bodies of the solar system, studying how the physical characteristics of the planets influence and are influenced by the same basic processes operating in different ways. Topics include: the properties of Earth materials, the evolution of the Earth and geological structures, matter and energy in the Earth system, the Earth in the solar system and the universe, fundamental issues of planetary science, and fundamentals of observational astronomy and objects in the sky (moon phases, properties of orbits, etc.).

Offered every spring. Prerequisite: mathematics competency.

This course is the first half of a two-semester introductory, calculus-based, physics course for all students planning to enter one of the scientific professions. It covers the fundamental principles of mechanics, oscillations, and fluid mechanics.

Offered fall semester. Prerequisites: M149 or M151 (M151 may be concurrent) and concurrent with P202.

One three-hour laboratory is held each week covering topics studied in the lectures.

Offered fall semester. Concurrent with P201.

This course is the second half of a two-semester introductory, calculus-based, physics course for all students planning to enter one of the scientific professions. It covers the fundamental principles of waves, physical and geometrical optics, and electricity and magnetism.

Offered spring semester. Prerequisites: P201/202; concurrent with P212.

One three-hour laboratory is held each week covering topics studied in the lectures.

Offered spring semester. Concurrent with P211.

A study of mostly animal development from genetic and molecular perspectives. A brief account of embryology is followed by gametogenesis, fertilization, embryogenesis, and organogenesis. All topics are covered with emphasis upon differentiation. Class meets weekly for three hours of lecture/discussion.

Offered in alternate spring semesters. Prerequisites: B110/111, B120/121, and B310.

A course that combines collection and identification of local terrestrial and aquatic plants with a survey and analysis of plant communities. Two lectures and one laboratory period or field trip per week.

Offered fall semester. Prerequisites: B110/111, B120/121 and B301.

Lecture emphasis is placed on physical and chemical principles and their interpretation. Attention is given to taxonomy, adaptations, distributions and abundance of organisms. Lab and field studies emphasize techniques and aquatic environmental assessment. Three hours of lecture/discussions and one three-hour lab/field study weekly.

Offered spring semester. Prerequisite: B301.

This course examines birds from aspects of ecology, behavior, taxonomy, physiology, and identification. Two one-hour lecture/discussion sessions and one three-hour lab/field trip each week.

Offered in alternate fall semesters. Prerequisite: B301.

This course involves an examination of major pollutants and their sources; ecological, health, and economic effects; and control technology. Class sessions emphasize industry, transportation, agriculture and energy production. Laboratories emphasize monitoring equipment and techniques. Two one-hour lecture/discussion sessions and one three-hour laboratory or field trip per week.

Offered in alternate spring semesters. Prerequisite: B301.

Topics covered in this course include the nature of the immune system and the immunological response including the roles of lymphocytes, cytokines, antibodies and complement. Some emphasis is placed on the malfunction and diseases of the immune system. Laboratories emphasize practice of immunological theory and the performance of immunological techniques. Class meets for two lectures and one three hour lab weekly.

Offered spring semester. Recommended: B310, B311, B412. Prerequisites: B110/111, B120/121, and C321.

This course provides an introduction to the biology of amphibians and reptiles, with an emphasis on the ecology, distribution, and conservation of the species found in Minnesota and neighboring states. One lecture/discussion period and one lab period per week, with the possibility for some evening or weekend field trips.

Offered in alternate fall semesters. Prerequisite: a course in ecology or instructor’s consent.

A course on the classification, morphology, physiology, and ecology of fishes. Two lectures and one laboratory period per week. Laboratory activities may include individual student projects and the collection and identification of Midwestern fishes.

Offered in alternate spring semesters. Prerequisite: a course in ecology or instructor’s consent.

An introduction to fisheries biology, this course has a lecture emphasis on population dynamics and lake, pond, and stream fishery management. Attention is given to the recreational and commercial value of freshwater fish species. Lab and field studies emphasize field fish collection techniques, taxonomy, population studies, energetics, and age and growth studies. Two lectures and one three-hour lab/field study weekly.

Offered in alternate fall semesters. Prerequisite: B340.

This course is an introduction to wildlife ecology with emphasis on techniques, population dynamics, recreational and commercial value. Wildlife management techniques are also be introduced through study of case histories of selected species. Two hours of lecture and one three-hour laboratory/field trip each week.

Offered in alternate spring semesters. Prerequisite: B301.